Inlandsrundfunk

[klaus]

Wenn man in einschlaegigen Frequenzlisten schaut, so findet man zahlreiche Programme und Frequenzen.

Ich fragte mich bislang, wie das mit den verplombten Radiogeraeten funktioniert, denn scheinbar gibt es doch eine ganze Reihe von unterschiedlichen Programmen (und nicht nur eines) und verwendete Frequenzen.

Ich bin bei meiner Recherche ueber einen (schon etwas aelteren Bericht, weiter unten poste ich ihn) von Andrei Lankov gestossen.

Er beschreibt, welche Inlandsprogramme es gibt und welchen Zweck diese erfuellen.

Demnach ist nur die KCBS (welche es seit 1948 gibt) fuer Hoerer in Nordkorea gedacht. Vermutlich ist es KCBS, auf welche die verplombten Geraete eingestellt sind.

Neben KCBS gibt es noch andere Radioprogramme, allen voran "Radio Pyongyang". Radio Pyongyang wird in verschiedenen Versionen von verschiedenen Sendern/Standorten ausgestrahlt.

Das Programm ist jedoch nicht fuer Pyongyang gedacht, die Station nennt sich nur so. Zielgruppe sind Hoerer in Suedkorea sowie Auslandskoreaner. Radio Pyongyang orientiert sich am Geschmack der Suedkoreaner, ist also auf diese zugeschnitten.

Hier seht Ihr das Versorgungsgebiet des Mittelwellensenders 657 KHz (evtl. auf "Google Maps" klicken und rausscrollen), welcher sich allem Anschein nach an Auslandskoreaner in China wendet.

Die Programme von Radio Pyongyang, so schreibt Andrei Lankov, koennen in Nordkorea nicht gehoert werden. Grund hierfuer kann nur die Verplombung der Geraete sein, denn technisch gesehen sollten man diese Sender sehr wohl empfangen koennen.

Daneben gibt es noch weitere Sender, wie z.B. "Frontline Soldier Radio", welche aber vermutlich (konnte dazu bislang nichts finden) sich an Hoerer im Ausland wenden.

Hier der Artikel:

[Another Korea] (113) Making Radio Waves

By Andrei Lankov

If you, our reader, fiddle about with the tuning of your radio set, sooner or later a militant march-like music will fill your room. This indicates that you have come across a North Korean radio broadcast _ they can be easily received in the Seoul area.

The history of North Korean broadcasting began in October 1945, with what was from 1946 called Radio Pyongyang. In 1948 it was renamed the Korean Central Broadcasting Station or KCBS. Up to this day the station remains a mainstay of the North Korean domestic broadcasting media.

North Korean broadcasting produces a rather bizarre impression on a foreigner (or, for that matter, on a South Korean). In the North Korean broadcast music alternates with short information blocks. Every hour begins with the news, largely identical to that published by Rodong sinmun. Then there are several minutes of marches or songs about Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il, or other lofty political subjects. Those songs are followed by a short 5-10 minute talk _ either a commentary on the internal situation, or on South Korea, or on the philosophy of juche. Often, articles from Rodong sinmun are also broadcast on radio. The intonation of the announcers is always peculiarly exaggerated, not to say hysterical.

The South Korean scholars often make a painstaking analysis of the content of North Korean programming. According to a recent estimate, in 2000 the KCBS programming spent 34.2 percent of its time praising Kim Jong Il or Kim Il-sung, 28.8 percent encouraging the workers to toil even harder, 17.4 percent explaining and promoting the juche ideology, and 12.0 percent telling stories about the suffering of the South Korean ``masses’’ and schemes of the ``Seoul puppets.’’

Most programs are as boring as articles from Rodong sinmun, even for the North Koreans who are deprived of better food for thought. However, there are some programs that target specific audiences, like ``Soldiers’ Hour’’ or ``Young Pioneers’ Hour,’’ and they enjoy some popularity within their target audience.

KCBS also broadcasts programs in foreign languages _ Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, and Spanish. Their content is, once again, poorly presented propaganda. Alas, the North Koreans have been very inept in their PR activity in the West. The problem is not the message: after all we have seen how very unpleasant regimes managed to win the heart-felt support of the Western public (or at least its Right or Left-inclined sectors). The problem is the production, and the concomitant blatant inability to understand the mindset of foreign audiences.

KCBS broadcasts some 22 hours a day from its headquarters in the Moranbong district of Pyongyang. The owners of the standard North Korean radio sets can listen to KCBS alone, since their contraptions lack tuning and are fixed on the wavelength of this official broadcast. This means that until the recent influx of small transistor radios, smuggled in from China, the North Koreans were stuck with KCBS.

However, KCBS is not the only battleship in North Korea’s broadcast system fleet. There are a number of others, but these target largely or exclusively the South.

First of all, I should mention Radio Pyongyang. It was established in 1967 as the ``Second KCBS’’ and acquired its present name in 1972. It broadcasts programs that are somehow adjusted to the tastes of the South Korean audience, as well as to overseas Koreans. It also has an FM branch whose transmitters target the northern part of South Korea. The ``FM Radio Pyongyang’’ broadcasts musical programs, with an emphasis on classical music. It mixes that with radio dramas and book readings that eulogize the North and criticize the South. It cannot normally be heard in the North, and its intended audience are younger South Koreans.

Radio Pyongyang does not make a secret of whom it represents. However, the North is engaged in ``black propaganda’’ as well. The North-based ``Voice of National Salvation’’ declares itself to be a clandestine station secretly broadcasting from South Korean territory, and managed by the local leftist underground. I do not know whether anybody is silly enough to believe this improbable statement, but it is how the ``Voice of National Salvation’’ describes itself. It actually broadcast from Haeju and employs a number of South Korean announcers and editors who have defected to the North, or who were kidnapped by the North Koreans (the difference in some instances between abduction and defection is hardly clear-cut).

It is unlikely that the efforts of the ``Voice’’ are especially successful. However, it is difficult to deny that the Southern perception of the North has changed greatly over the last decade. But that is another story…


http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/opinion/...254140.htm